Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Vladimir FILIPCIUC, Iurie ROZLOGA, Olesea COJOCARU, Lilia BOAGHE
The soil and water resources of the Republic of Moldova are subjected to an intense anthropogenic press. As a result, such forms of soil degradation such as surface and deep water erosion, landslides, secondary salinisation and secondary salinisation as a result of irrigation, exasinary destructuring and compacting and others have intensified. The rational use of soil resources is based on the detailed knowledge of the main natural and anthropogenic factors that influence effective fertility and their quality status. In order to assess the change of the soil cover structure over the years, it is necessary to use the thematic materials previously elaborated. It should be noted that they do not fully reflect the complexity of the situation at the moment. This finding refers in particular to processes of soil degradation in basin landscapes (Rozloga, 2013; 2015) where pedogenic factors (soil, parental rocks, hydrology, lithology, hydrogeology and vegetation), interacting in various ways, lead to the emergence of extremely complex degradation forms. The anthropic impact on soil and surface waters is largely determined by the activity of the agrarian and industrial sectors. According to the latest estimates, the chemical composition and the soil and surface water quality indices record negative changes. This concerns (Filipciuc, 2007; Simakova et al., 2008), first of all, the agricultural soils (land) that are involved in the irrigation systems and the increase of the degree of mineralization, the ionic reaction and ionic composition of the inland river waters, and to the accumulation basins (lakes, ponds). All these constitute the limiting factor of using soils for irrigation with surface waters. In order to develop complexes of measures to prevent land degradation it is necessary to know the spatial spread and intensity of the manifestation of these processes on a more detailed scale. The achievement of this objective is possible with the use of the Geoinformatics System (GIS), which allows the operative and reasoned approach to inventory, analysis, planning and design issues (Sorokina, 2006). This system creates prerequisites for the development and implementation of measures to combat land degradation at a new quality level aimed at preserving and improving soil fertility.
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