Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXII, Issue 1
Written by Valerian CERBARI, Olesea COJOCARU
Agriculture in the Republic of Moldova accounts for 10-15% of gross domestic product (GDP) and represents the most important branch of production. In agriculture, soil is the main means of production. Agriculture currently practiced in the country faces a number of major problems that seriously affect rural development. Creating a balanced or positive balance of the organic substance in the soil is the main condition for preserving its long-term fertility and avoiding degradation of the arable layer by dehumidification, destructuring and excessive secondary compacting. This can only be achieved by the regular introduction into the soil of organic fertilizers - manure or green fertilizers (Cerbari, 2010; Cerbari et al., 2013). At present the livestock sector is practically destroyed, the number of cattle has decreased 6 times, while the volume of manure produced has decreased by 6 times. According to the statistical directorie million tons of manure is produced, of which 1.0-1.5 million tons are used as an energy source, and 1.5-2.0 million tons are dumped in the rubbish, a more serious source of pollution of rural areas. In the soil, according to statistical data, only 0-20 kg/ha/year of manure is introduced, which means nothing. As a result, the balance of humus in the soil became deeply negative -1.0 t/ha/year. The need for this article is dictated by the fact that the recommended procedure has the only real possibility to increase the flow of organic matter to the soil and to form a balanced or weakly positive balance for this organo-mineral natural system that plays the most important role in ensuring the food and environmental security of the country. The situation can only be changed by undertaking a series of legislative, organizational and financial measures. So, the remediation of the quality condition and the increased production capacity of the studied soil is possible only by increasing the flow of organic matter into the arable layer. The use of vetch as a green fertilizer is an effective process to achieve this objective (Cerbari et al., 2013).
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