Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXVI, Issue 1
Written by Mykola LOZINSKIY, Larysa BURDENYUK-TARASEVYCH, Mykola GRABOVSKYI, Tetiana GRABOVSKA, Hynek ROUBÍK
The grain yield of the national soft winter wheat standards for 1967-2018 in Ukraine was analyzed and its connection with the duration of the autumn vegetation and the time of spring vegetation recovery was established. Significant effects of climate change have been identified on the cessation of autumn vegetation, the duration of winter dormancy and the duration of the growing season of soft winter wheat. Based on the analysis of yield and cessation of autumn vegetation for 50 years, it was found that soft winter wheat forms mostly higher yields (6.13 t/ha) under the late cessation of vegetation (from 19 November to 29 November). During the very early (until 28 October) and early cessation (from 28 October to 07 October) of autumn vegetation, the yield decreased slightly and amounted to 5.77 and 5.45 t/ha, respectively. The calendar dates for the cessation of autumn vegetation have a clear tendency to change to later dates. With a slight difference in the recovery time of spring vegetation over 10-year periods, its significant variability was observed during the research years from 90 days (2013) to 150 days (1990). The highest grain yield (7.26 t/ha) of winter wheat was obtained with early (until 03 March) recovery of spring vegetation. The lowest grain yield was in wheat (5.00 t/ha) with a late and very late (4.50 t/ha) recovery of spring vegetation. On the basis of the data analysis, it was established that duration the late stop of the autumn vegetation (45-55 days), winter wheat plants accumulate the optimal amount of plastic substances, which contributes to their better overwintering and the growth of grain yield.
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