Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXV, Issue 1
Written by Cornelia VOINEA, Cristina MELUCĂ, Leonard ILIE
Straw cereals, especially wheat (Triticum aestivum), are the most widely cultivated plant in the world, grown in over 100 countries, and are a prime commercial source. The uses of straw cereals are many and varied. The grains are used for a range of milling products from which a rich assortment of bakery products, pastries and biscuits are made, which constitute basic foods for 35-55% of the world's population, providing 50-55% of calories consumed worldwide, along with other grains grown. The processing of wheat in high-capacity mills results in large quantities of bran, which is a valuable concentrated feed (rich in protein, lipids and mineral salts) and germs high in vitamins, which is a natural provitamin but also lipids with uses in cosmetics.Straw left over from harvesting can be used to make pulp, bulk feed or bedding for various categories of animals, organic fertilizer after a period of composting or incorporated as such into the soil after harvest, and by briquetting can be used as fuel. The agronomic importance is given by: integral mechanization of the crop; early release of the land and the possibility of summer plowing, being a good precrop for most crops; according to the early varieties, it allows the location of successive crops in certain areas.In this respect, a field experiments were established in the year 2020 at the Agricultural and Development Research Station Secuieni (ADRS Secuieni) located in North Romania (Neamț County) and at Experimental Trials of Saaten Union Romania at Drajna Nouă located in South-East (Călărași County). The experimental variants were represented by the nine winter wheat varieties (Trublion, Centurion, Katarina, Glosa, Aspekt, Izvor, Avenue, Solehio, Alcantara) and one hybrid wheat (Hyxperia) in three repetitions in both locations, with the following graduations: a) 250 germinable kernels/sm; b) 360 germinable kernels/sm; c) 500 germinable kernels/sm. The obtained results indicate that at medium density the production results are superior to the variants of low and high density, which implies giving us more profitability.
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