Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Nadiya KUDRIA, Serhiy KUDRIA, Zinaida DEHTIAROVA
In the structure of sown areas of Ukraine an important place is given to winter wheat. To obtain high and sustainable profits in production, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the conditions that affect the productivity of crops, in particular winter wheat in different agrophytocenoses. There are many factors on which the yield of this crop depends: soil moisture, agrophysical, agrochemical and microbiological indicators of its fertility. It is known that in modern conditions the choice of precursors based on profitability and market demand, so putting winter crops primarily occurs after such crops which can not provide optimal conditions for its development. Increasing the sown areas of sunflower, corn, soybeans and rapeseed forces farmers to grow winter wheat after these crops. The data obtained to determine the density of productive stems, plant height, ear fullness of grain, the weight of grain from the ear indicate that the precursors affect these indicators throughout the growing season of winter wheat, thus forming its yield. It was found that fallow as a precursor provided the best conditions for the formation of high grain yields of winter wheat. Unsatisfactory precursors were sunflower and corn, which created poor starting conditions for the development of winter wheat in autumn and subsequent stages of development, which in turn led to a decrease of winter wheat yield. Legume precursors: peas, soybeans, and beans significantly improved the starting conditions for wheat plants, which contributed to better formation of vegetative mass and reproductive organs. In terms of yield structure, these options were inferior to fallow, but also had high values and, accordingly, yield.
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