Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Vera GUSHCHINA, Anna LYKOVA, Aleksey VOLODKIN, Lidiya KARPOVA, Galina KARPOVA
With the advent of non-erucic low-glucosinolate varieties, rapeseed has developed into a crop of great potential. In this regard, one of the most important tasks is to identify varieties of spring rape that are capable of forming a stable yield of seeds of good quality in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out at OOO Telegino-Agro of the Penza region on leached heavy loamy chernozem. In terms of meteorological conditions, 2013 was the most favorable. The Ratnik cultivar was distinguished by the maximum field germination (80.1%) and the best preservation (85.2%). The varieties Ratnik, Fregat, Geros had the highest resistance to shattering. On average, over three years, the number of pods per plant and seeds in them by varieties was in the range of 22.8-24.4 and 14.4- 15.9 pieces, respectively. The weight of 1000 seeds was practically at the same level (2.55-2.67 g), their weight per plant varied from 0.85 to 0.99 g, and an increase in these indicators was observed in the Ratnik variety. Depending on the variety and hydrothermal conditions, rapeseed is able to form the yield of oilseeds in the range of 0.99-2.19 t/ha. The Ratnik variety in 2013 provided a maximum yield of 2.19 t/ha, and on average over three years 1.68 t/ha, which is 0.34 t/ha higher than the standard. It has been established that the more oil the seeds contain, the lower their protein content. The highest oil content of 41.00% was observed in seeds of the Ratnik variety, with the maximum yield of pure vegetable oil and protein (0.71 and 0.44 t/ha).
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