Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXIV, Issue 1
Written by Donyo GANCHEV
Exctraction is a method for separation of biologically active substances from plant's (and animal's) cells by using of different solvents. The oldest variation of this method is a preparation of tea and coffee drinks via hot water. Exactly water was the oldest and the most common used solvent especially in the area of food preparation and folk medicine. In the present day inductriual extractions can be achieved by various technologies include maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, decoction, hot continuous extraction (Soxhlet) and so on. The soap is one of the oldest chemical products in the human mankind dates back from the times of ancient Babylon. The soap has enormous influence on human society as major biocidal product against harmful microorganisms but also as one of the oldest pesticide in the world. During the resent years, there is a renew interest for the soaps as a natural friendly pesticides. Traditionally soaps are made by mixing organic acids (from petroleum, animal or plant origin) with sodium or potassium hydroxide, with or without heating. The study in this paper shows that there is yet another effective and cheap method for this, by maceration of different organic scraps with low concentrated water solutions of potassium or sodium hydroxide. The soaps produced by this method show excellent aphicidal activity against different aphid species.
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