Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXIII, Issue 2
Written by George TOADER, Viorica CHIURCIU, Valentina FILIP, Nistor MAIEREAN, ElenaVioleta TOADER, Constantin PETRE, Emilian MIREA, Mitel-Dumitru TOMA, Leonard ILIE
The excessive use and increasing doses of chemical fertilizers has led to the emergence of phenomena such as pollution of soil, groundwater, the environment, as well as the health of humans and animals. Excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers has led to the acidification of soils but especially to their degradation and, implicitly, affect the flora and bacterial activity in its structure. Farmers wishing to obtain crops and produce as much as possible did not take into account the negative effects that the chemization has, their activity being focused on maximizing the profit and less on the protection of the soil and the environment. Thus, in order to help stop soil pollution and its degradation, the Romanian producers came to the market with new products and innovative technologies in the agricultural field, namely organic fertilizers (biofertilizers) and organic plant protection products (bioinsecticides). These products are formulated either in liquid or granulated (lyophilized) form, these products containing in their composition live bacterial cultures. The bacteria in the composition of these products already exist in the soil structure. Biofertilizers have the role of ensuring a recolonization of the bacterial flora of the soil, the bacterial activity in the soil having the effects of soil ecology, the decomposition of complex compounds, the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil as well as a support for the growth, development and stopping of pests or diseases attacks on cultures. The use of these products in the research and development stations in agriculture in Romania has led to much better results compared to the classical chemical fertilizers (increasing agricultural production, increasing mineral elements in soil, looser soil, soft texture, growing plants, stopping the attacks of certain pests, diseases, etc.).
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