Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXIII, Issue 1
Written by Iosyp DOROSH, Olha DOROSH, Andriy BARVINSKYI, Olena KRAVCHENKO, Illia-Oleksandr ZASTULKA
The ecological and economic problems arising from the organization of crop rotations in agricultural enterprises, formed during the period of land relations reform in rural territories, are analyzed. Large agroholdings neglect the crop rotation factor in an effort to maximize the economic impact by growing highly profitable market-oriented crops in large areas. Their attempt to replace crop rotation by increasing the use of synthetic mineral fertilizers and pesticides can lead to environmental and socio-economic problems in the future. Farmers cannot organize crop rotations to the full extend due to the short land lease term. It is shown that the scientifically substantiated crop rotation can harmonize the economic interests of agricultural producers (high and sustainable crop yields, accompanied by the minimum use of material and energy resources) and the environmental safety (preserving the quality of the soil cover and the environment). In order to organize crop rotations in a changing market and climatic environment, it is suggested to use methodological approaches. These approaches are based on short-term rotation of crops, on dynamics of their placement depending on ecological and economic factors, on formation of homogeneous (by quality indicators) lands (fields), on choice of crops on the basis of evaluation of land prior to its cultivation, on compulsory environmental assessment of projected crop rotations using balance calculations.
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