Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 2
Written by Albert AVARVAREI, Maria TOADER, Viorel ION
Within sunflower crop technology, tillage and nitrogen rate are among the most important factors significantly affecting the grain yield and yielding elements. Therefore, this paper aims to present the results of the performed research regarding the effects of different tillage and nitrogen rates on sunflower grain yield and yielding elements in the specific growing conditions of Danube Meadow from South Romania. In this respect, the research was performed in the years 2023 and 2024, in field experiments under rainfed conditions located in the Danube Meadow from South Romania. The experimental factors were Tillage methods, with 5 variants (a1. Plowing performed with a 4-furrow reversible plough at depth of 25 cm + 2 passes with a disc harrow; a2. Scarifying at a depth of 35 cm + 2 passes with a disc harrow; a3. Cultivation with Gruber Tiger cultivator at a depth of 25 cm; a4. Cultivation with Gruber Tiger cultivator at a depth of 15 cm; a5. Disc harrow at a depth of 15 cm - 2 passes), and Nitrogen rate, with 4 variants (b1. N0 - unfertilized; b2. 60 kg/ha; b3. 90 kg/ha; b4. 120 kg/ha). The obtained results highlighted the better values of the grain yield and yielding elements at deep and reduced tillage (scarifying at 35 cm + 2 disc harrows and Gruber Tiger at 25 cm) in favourable climatic conditions, while in the context of less favourable climatic conditions the best results were obtained in the context of shallow and reduced tillage of Gruber Tiger at 15 cm (2 passes). The obtained results showed that the values for all the analysed yield elements and the grain yield constantly increased with increasing the nitrogen rate from 0 to 60, respectively to 90 and 120 kg/ha, regardless of tillage method and the climatic conditions of the year.
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