Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXVII, Issue 1
Written by Cornelia VOINEA, Leonard ILIE
In Romania, climate changes have determined in recent years, the intensification of water deficits (very often associated with drought) during the vegetation of agricultural crops, in almost all areas of the country. Cultivating autumn wheat varieties that can withstand drought and heat well and adapting cultivation technology to climate changes are decisive factors in obtaining stable and economically efficient productions. In the agricultural year 2022-2023, in A.R.D.S. Secuieni, Neamț County, a multifactorial experiment of the 10 x 3 x 1 type was established, which aimed to determine an optimal density depending on the varieties used and the climatic conditions. The experiment was laid out according to the method of parcels subdivided into 3 repetitions, with the following factors: Factor A - variety, cu 10 graduations (a1 = Trublion; a2 = Centurion; a3 = Katarina; a4 = Glosa; a5 = Aspekt; a6 = Izvor; a7 = Avenue; a8 = Solehio; a9 = Alcantara; a10 = Hyxperia); Factor B - plant density, with 3 graduations: (b1 = 250 germinable kernels/sm; b2 = 360 germinable kernels/sm and b3 = 500 germinable kernels/sm.); Factor C - location, cu 1 graduation: c1 = Secuieni. Productivity elements are influenced by sowing density, variety and experimental conditions. The Glosa variety is the common winter wheat variety with the largest share in the structure of varieties grown in the all the Romania country. It achieves high and stable yields (8,559 kg /ha), with a protein contain 14.2, the highest average protein contain on the tested varieties. For the northern part of the country, good results were obtained when 250 g.g/m2 were used for the variety Centurion, a yield production of 10,008 kg/ha. The hybrid wheat, Hyxperia variety obtained the highest yields (8,745 kg/ha) regardless of the climatic conditions of the year, proving ecological stability and plasticity, with a protein content of 11.9%.
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