Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVII
Written by Marian POPA
The maximum efficiency use of climate resources in plant culture technology is the principal aim of agriculture adapted to climate change. In this paper, there are presented the results of experimental research concerning the maximizing effect of climatic factors on the yield of wheat in the Găvanu-Burdea Plain. The research was carried out within 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in the SC Polirom Prod SRL experimental field, situated inside Găvanu-Burdea Plain, Scurtu-Mare locality, Teleorman County, on the ground of preluvosol reddish type. Within the trial, there have been used 3 wheat Romanian varieties and 10 foreign varieties, belonging to the precocious/half-precocious varieties, with increased resistance to drought, heat, and wintering. The applied technology was that specific to minimum system works. In terms of climate, crop year 2011-2012 has been a dry year. From sowing to harvesting 370.0 mm precipitation fell, and during the growing season, after leaving winter there was a precipitation quantity of 248.0 mm. Instead, 2012-2013 crop year was characterized by high pluviometric regime: 478.6 mm from sowing to harvesting and 261.8 mm during the spring-summer growing season. Specific consumption of climate resources in the vegetation period is averaging 79 mm/t of grains and 423oC/t of grains. Varieties with water specific consumption below average are: Izvor (68 mm/t), Felix (69 mm/t), Renata (75 mm/t) Kalasz (76 mm/t), Csillag (77 mm/t), Glosa (78 mm/t), Akratos (78 mm/t). The highest specific water consumption from precipitation were registered in the varieties: Quebon (102 mm/t), Genius (93 mm/t), and Mulan (86 mm/t). Precipitations and temperature recovery efficiency, expressed through the annual average unit yield, recorded the following values: 13 kg grains/mm precipitation during the growing season; 2.4 kg grains/oC active temperature in the vegetation period. Varieties with specific minimum levels of water consumption had the highest recovery efficiency (15 kg grains/mm for Izvor, 14 kg grains/mm for Felix, 13 kg/mm for Renata, Kalasz, Csillag, Petur, Glosa varieties etc.). Among all the experienced varieties, Izvor Romanian variety is to be remarked, this one achieving the highest recovery efficiency of climate resources. Almost similaris the Romanian Glosa variety as well as some foreign varieties: Felix and Renata (originating in Croatia), Kalasz, Csillag and Petur (from Hungary). Quebon, Mulan and Genius German varieties are not recommended.
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