Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agonomy., Vol. LVI
Written by Marian POPA, Gheorghe MOTCĂ
In order to know the production and quality potential of the wheat grown in a crop system adapted to climatic changes, in 2011 we organised an experiment based on 6 Romanian varieties, 11 foreign varieties and a wheat hybrid grown in two soil tillage variants. The genotypes tested belonged to the very early – medium early varieties that are highly resistant to drought, heat and winter conditions. The experimental field consisted in reddish preluvosoil at an altitude of 130 m and was part of SC Polirom Prod SRL located in the Găvanu-Burdea Plain, the village of Scurtu Mare, Teleorman County. All experimental variants were fertilized with N60 P2O5-60 at the time of sowing preparation and N100 on early spring vegetation. The specific weed, disease and pest control was based on herbicide and insecto-fungicide treatments, according to the conventional farming technology. In terms of climate, the crop year 2011-2012 was dry, with uneven rainfall during the growing season. 374 mm rainfall was recorded from sowing to harvesting, and 252 mm at the end of winter and during the growing season. The results obtained under a dry year highlighted the following: very high production potential of the wheat genotypes under study (4457 kg/ha on average); better soil tillage, compared with the conventional system (38% higher production). The hybrid Hystar ranked first in production: 4925 kg/ha (32% higher than the genotype average) in the conventional tillage variant and 6349 kg/ha (22% increase, compared with the average) in the minimum tillage variant; however, its quality for bread-making was low. The variety Izvor recorded the highest quality and production (4457 kg/ha) of the Romanian varieties. Based on the results recorded in 2012, in terms of productivity under similar growing conditions, we recommend the Romanian early varieties Izvor, Litera, Glosa, Boema 1, Gruia and Faur F, and the foreign varieties Felix, Renata, Kalasz, Akratos and Csillag.
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