Published in Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LX
Written by Felicia CHETAN, Cornel CHETAN, Teodor RUSU, Paula Ioana MORARU, Mircea IGNEA, Alina SIMON
During the last years, in the Romanian agricultural practice, the alternatives of soil minimum tillage and no-tillage are very much applied in the winter wheat crop. During droughty autumns, when the soil is very dryand we can’t have any plowing or the result of plowing would beclods very hard to chop, preparing the field by minimum tillage or direct sowing are prefered to plowing in order not to delay the wheat sowing, but also from an economic point of view. The paper presents the influence of thesoil tillage (conventional and no-tillage), of the fertilization systemand of the agricultural year (expressed by different climate conditions), on the soil humidity, production andeconomic efficiency in the winter wheat crop. The experience was polyfactorial, placed on a Faeoziom type of soil from the Transylvanian Plain (the average multiannual temperature of 9.1°C and average multiannual rainfall of 518.6 mm). The wheat crop responded favourably to the no-tillage technology, the production registered (6285 kg/ha) is very close to the one obtained in the conventional system (6320 kg/ha). The no-tillage system has the advantage of a better water preserve in the soil, which can be used in stages by the plants during drought seasons. Additional wheat fertilization (with N40) brings a production increase of 111 kg/ha. The economic efficiency of the no-tillage system results mainly from the reduced fuel consumption (approximately by 50%) and the reduced number of tillage, which determines a reduction by 19.2% of the total technological expenses.
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